1208: And then there was Money.....

After understanding the concept of private property, we need to look into money.  However, the more I think about it and ask the question "What is money actually?", the more confusing it becomes.

  

Yet, money is so deeply embedded in the fabric of modern existence that it appears almost a natural fact, a self-evident medium of exchange as elemental as language. 

   

We use it to measure value, to store wealth, to facilitate trade, and to settle debts, rarely pausing to consider its profound strangeness.

    

Why should a piece of paper, a small metal disc, or a digital entry on a screen command the power to feed us, house us, and define our social status? 

   

The origins of money are not merely an economic or historical curiosity. 

   

They are a foundational inquiry into the nature of human society, trust, and value itself. 

  

The story of money is both an account of pragmatic innovation and a profound meditation on abstraction, relationship, and power.

  

The conventional, and now largely disputed, origin story of money begins with the inefficiencies of barter. 

  

This narrative, popularised by Adam Smith in "The Wealth of Nations" (1776), posits that in primitive societies, individuals directly exchanged goods and services.

   

A farmer with surplus grain would seek a blacksmith who needed food and had a spare tool to trade. 

   

The obvious problem, dubbed the "double coincidence of wants," made such a system cumbersome. If the blacksmith had no need for grain on the day the farmer arrived, no trade could occur. 

  

Money, according to this theory, emerged organically as a solution, a commonly desired intermediate commodity that would be widely accepted in future exchanges. 

   

Over time, certain goods, thanks to their durability, portability, divisibility, and inherent value, became preferred monetary means. 

   

Cattle, grain, shells, beads, and notably precious metals like gold and silver, became the first money, easing the friction of trade and catalyzing economic complexity.

  

While elegant and intuitive, this barter-to-money narrative has been heavily critiqued by anthropologists and historians.

   

The critique centres on a lack of empirical evidence. No anthropological study has discovered a society that relied primarily on a barter economy without some prior concept of money or credit. 

  

Instead, what early societies appear to have utilised were elaborate systems of gift-giving and credit within closely-knit communities. 

   

Economic life was governed by relationships and obligations, not instantaneous exchanges of goods. 

  

If a villager received help building a house, the obligation was remembered to be repaid later with labour, goods, or favours, all within a web of mutual social debt.

  

A few characteristics of money have already become clear: reciprocity and trust. In the next lecture, we'll elaborate further on the philosophical questions about money.

   

Thank you for your attention... the floor is yours....

 Main Sources:

MacMillan The Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2nd edition

Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 1995

http://www.iep.utm.edu/

 http://plato.stanford.edu/contents.htm

Rens Bod:  Waarom ben ik hier? (2024)

Carlo Cipolla: The Basic Laws of Human Stupidity (1976)

TABLE OF CONTENT -----------------------------------------------------------------  

  1 - 100 Philosophers                                              9 May 2009  Start of

  2 - 25+ Women Philosophers                              10 May 2009  this blog

  3 - 25 Adventures in Thinking                               10 May 2009

  4 - Modern Theories of Ethics                              29 Oct  2009

  5 - The Ideal State                                               24 Febr 2010   /   234

  6 - The Mystery of the Brain                                  3 Sept 2010   /   266

  7 - The Utopia of the Free Market                       16 Febr 2012    /   383

  8. - The Aftermath of Neo-liberalism                      5 Sept 2012   /   413

  9. - The Art Not to Be an Egoist                             6 Nov  2012   /   426                        

10  - Non-Western Philosophy                               29 May 2013    /   477

11  -  Why Science is Right                                      2 Sept 2014   /   534      

12  - A Philosopher looks at Atheism                        1 Jan  2015   /   557

13  - EVIL, a philosophical investigation                 17 Apr  2015   /   580                

14  - Existentialism and Free Will                             2 Sept 2015   /   586         

15 - Spinoza                                                             2 Sept 2016   /   615

16 - The Meaning of Life                                        13 Febr 2017   /   637

17 - In Search of  my Self                                        6 Sept 2017   /   670

18 - The 20th Century Revisited                              3 Apr  2018    /   706

19 - The Pessimist                                                  11 Jan 2020    /   819

20 - The Optimist                                                     9 Febr 2020   /   824

21 - Awakening from a Neoliberal Dream                8 Oct  2020   /   872

22 - A World Full of Patterns                                    1 Apr 2021    /   912

23 - The Concept of Freedom                                  8 Jan 2022    /   965

24 - Materialism                                                      7 Sept 2022   /  1011

25 - Historical Materialism                                       5 Oct 2023    /  1088

26 - The Bonobo and the Atheist                             9 Jan 2024    /  1102

27 - Artificial Intelligence                                          9 Feb 2024    /  1108

28 - Why Am I Here                                                 6 Sept 2024   /  1139

 

The Discussion  

[13:15] .: Beertje :. (beertje.beaumont): thank you Herman

[13:16] herman Bergson: If you really think about it, then is money a weird thing....

[13:16] herman Bergson: It has no worth at all... and yet we trust it to have worth

[13:17] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): Another thing i can to think of used for trading was salt. We need it to survive and it was hard to harvest at the time, this is where we got the word salary - from the word salt

[13:17] herman Bergson: When you look at your bank account you  "know" that you can exchange those numbers for real goods, a bike, a car, groceries.....

[13:18] herman Bergson: Yes salt was also one of the early valuta

[13:18] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): aha

[13:19] bergfrau Apfelbaum: Unfortunately, it's necessary. In my circle of friends, we once formed a swap group. it worked well for a while, until the parasites came along. They wanted a lot and had nothing to give....

[13:19] herman Bergson: Money has a high social value and impact....

[13:19] herman Bergson: oh....where came those parasites from?

[13:20] .: Beertje :. (beertje.beaumont): salt was important to keep the food through the winter

[13:20] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): yes that too, befoe refrigerators

[13:20] .: Beertje :. (beertje.beaumont): meat can be salted for a long time

[13:21] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): works by the principle of osmosis pulling the water out of cells like the ones in bacteria killing them

[13:21] .: Beertje :. (beertje.beaumont): yes true

[13:21] bergfrau Apfelbaum: One person was able to build a chair for me. In return, I glazed a window for him. Then people came along who wanted something and got it, but couldn't give anything back because they had no talent.

[13:21] herman Bergson: it is a way of storing wealth

[13:22] bergfrau Apfelbaum: money was not allowed

[13:22] herman Bergson: Another thing money does....creating inequality

[13:22] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): yes, this we clearly see today

[13:23] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): the rich want more and more while the rest starve

[13:23] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): greed is a big issue for sure

[13:23] .: Beertje :. (beertje.beaumont): it's all based on fear

[13:24] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): of what? Not having enough status?

[13:24] herman Bergson: We have all the ingredients ready now for economics.... private property in land and movable objects and money to trade in those things

[13:24] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): with should not be based on your wallet size in firs tplace

[13:25] herman Bergson: Yes, greed and fear are closely related.....

[13:25] herman Bergson: But also status and greed

[13:25] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): I say like my breakdance friend Mario Perez Amigo. Skillz B4 Status

[13:25] herman Bergson: fear refers to survival and status refers to power

[13:26] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): ah

[13:26] bergfrau Apfelbaum: mhm

[13:26] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): but u dont need billions of dollars to get food

[13:26] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): its just to put in a pile for them and say HAHA look how much i have u suckers!

[13:26] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): sort of

[13:27] herman Bergson: No, but you get power with it, Bejiita

[13:27] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): as long i have so I can survive im happy

[13:27] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): and buy a new gadget now and then

[13:27] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): then im satisfied

[13:27] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): but that's me, im not an authoritarian monster

[13:28] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): i have no interest in gaining power but that everyone should be happy

[13:29] bergfrau Apfelbaum: me too Bejiita

[13:29] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): that is why I have so hard visualizing these things, power greed ect because i have none of that in me at all

[13:30] herman Bergson: Yes...that could be the case....

[13:30] herman Bergson: It is not our world....

[13:30] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): I want company, love, happiness, progress and peace among other things

[13:30] herman Bergson: But once you live in such circles, it gets you.

[13:31] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): I guess it is the case, like with the Trump supporters

[13:31] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): all they know is hate for others

[13:31] bergfrau Apfelbaum: cash will be abolished soon.... they sre already talking about it

[13:31] herman Bergson: Like all those elected presidents who all of a sudden won't quit but stay in power

[13:31] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): a cult

[13:31] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): indeed

[13:32] herman Bergson: power corrupts the mind

[13:32] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): and ruining the lives for millions if not billions of people

[13:32] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): Russia, Norh Korea, China ect

[13:32] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): where the population live in a jail more or less ruled by one authoritarian monster

[13:32] herman Bergson: Well, this was an easy lecture today ㋡

[13:33] herman Bergson: not controversial...

[13:33] .: Beertje :. (beertje.beaumont): ツ

[13:33] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): it is the sad truth

[13:33] herman Bergson: So let's get ready for the next one....

[13:33] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): aah

[13:34] herman Bergson: Maybe there we might step on some toes :-)

[13:34] .: Beertje :. (beertje.beaumont): oh dear

[13:34] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): (prepares my steam roller)

[13:34] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): ㋡

[13:34] herman Bergson: So, thank you all again.... it is time for a nice weekend... ㋡

[13:34] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): if i dont need to rlll zones that day

[13:34] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): roll

[13:35] herman Bergson: Class dismissed...

[13:35] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): ㋡

[13:35] .: Beertje :. (beertje.beaumont): thank you Herman it was very interesting as usual:)

[13:35] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): es

[13:35] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): yes

[13:35] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): true

[13:35] bergfrau Apfelbaum: was interesting again! ty Herman and class

[13:35] herman Bergson: just the tip of an iceberg

1207:This is My Land.....

 The concept of private property is so deeply ingrained in the modern world that it often appears as a natural and inevitable feature of human society. 

   

From the homes we inhabit to the land we cultivate and the intellectual creations we protect, 

  

the right to exclusive ownership forms the bedrock of contemporary economic, legal, and political systems. 

   

Yet, and we already alluded to it in the previous lecture, the notion that an individual can claim sole dominion over a portion of the Earth, 

  

to the exclusion of all others, is one of humanity’s most profound and contentious inventions. 

   

In nomadic hunter-gatherer bands, the concept of private property in land was nonsensical.

     

Territory was shared, and while individuals possessed personal, movable items, like tools, weapons, ornaments, the idea of owning the land itself was alien. 

    

Resources were held in common, and distribution was governed by complex kinship-based reciprocity and sharing norms, ensuring group survival. 

    

The transition to settled agriculture during the Neolithic Revolution (circa 10,000 BCE) marked a critical turning point. 

   

The investment of labour in clearing land, planting crops, and building dwellings created a new relationship with the earth. 

  

This fostered the development of rights: a family or clan had exclusive rights to use and enjoy the fruits of the land they cultivated, 

  

but ultimate title often remained with the community, tribe, or chieftain. 

   

Homo sapiens began to set rules to organize social behavior, and when writing emerged, these rules could be saved on clay tablets and big stones, prehistoric external memory.   

    

The earliest known legal codes, such as the Code of Ur-Nammu (c. 2100 BCE) and the Code of Hammurabi (c. 1750 BCE), reflect this shift. 

   

They meticulously regulate land tenure, leases, and inheritance, indicating the existence of de facto private control over agricultural land, 

  

yet within a framework where the king was seen as the ultimate earthly landlord, deriving authority from the gods.

  

This was the answer of early man to the question: What to do with value that comes into being when you put physical and personal effort into something.

   

This resulted in the consensus that you may claim the ground that you have worked on, which again came into conflict 

   

with the use of force to claim a piece of land, or the beginning of territorial wars.

    

Thank you for your attention again... the floor is yours...

 Main Sources:

MacMillan The Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2nd edition

Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 1995

http://www.iep.utm.edu/

 http://plato.stanford.edu/contents.htm

Rens Bod:  Waarom ben ik hier? (2024)

Carlo Cipolla: The Basic Laws of Human Stupidity (1976)

TABLE OF CONTENT -----------------------------------------------------------------  

  1 - 100 Philosophers                                              9 May 2009  Start of

  2 - 25+ Women Philosophers                              10 May 2009  this blog

  3 - 25 Adventures in Thinking                               10 May 2009

  4 - Modern Theories of Ethics                              29 Oct  2009

  5 - The Ideal State                                               24 Febr 2010   /   234

  6 - The Mystery of the Brain                                  3 Sept 2010   /   266

  7 - The Utopia of the Free Market                       16 Febr 2012    /   383

  8. - The Aftermath of Neo-liberalism                      5 Sept 2012   /   413

  9. - The Art Not to Be an Egoist                             6 Nov  2012   /   426                        

10  - Non-Western Philosophy                               29 May 2013    /   477

11  -  Why Science is Right                                      2 Sept 2014   /   534      

12  - A Philosopher looks at Atheism                        1 Jan  2015   /   557

13  - EVIL, a philosophical investigation                 17 Apr  2015   /   580                

14  - Existentialism and Free Will                             2 Sept 2015   /   586         

15 - Spinoza                                                             2 Sept 2016   /   615

16 - The Meaning of Life                                        13 Febr 2017   /   637

17 - In Search of  my Self                                        6 Sept 2017   /   670

18 - The 20th Century Revisited                              3 Apr  2018    /   706

19 - The Pessimist                                                  11 Jan 2020    /   819

20 - The Optimist                                                     9 Febr 2020   /   824

21 - Awakening from a Neoliberal Dream                8 Oct  2020   /   872

22 - A World Full of Patterns                                    1 Apr 2021    /   912

23 - The Concept of Freedom                                  8 Jan 2022    /   965

24 - Materialism                                                      7 Sept 2022   /  1011

25 - Historical Materialism                                       5 Oct 2023    /  1088

26 - The Bonobo and the Atheist                             9 Jan 2024    /  1102

27 - Artificial Intelligence                                          9 Feb 2024    /  1108

28 - Why Am I Here                                                 6 Sept 2024   /  1139

 

The Discussion

[13:18] .: Beertje :. (beertje.beaumont): thank you Herman

[13:19] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): and so it begins!

[13:20] John Ajeje Brazov (sticaatsi): what do we do normally?

[13:20] herman Bergson: Main issue here is the fact that you get consensus about the ownership of land and on the other hand the method of violence to claim the ownership.....

[13:20] John Ajeje Brazov (sticaatsi): I doubt it's just a human thing

[13:20] John Ajeje Brazov (sticaatsi): I suspect animals have territorial instincts too

[13:20] John Ajeje Brazov (sticaatsi): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gombe_Chimpanzee_War

[13:21] herman Bergson: no no...territorial behavior is biologically imprinted in social organisms, John\

[13:21] John Ajeje Brazov (sticaatsi): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_in_ants

[13:21] Max Chatnoir: Ants!  Interesting!

[13:22] herman Bergson: The point here is however, that animals are instinctively territorial, but homo sapiens has a ratio that can control this instinctive behavior

[13:22] herman Bergson: myrmecology was always already my greatest love

[13:23] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): + we have bombs and weapons in general

[13:23] bergfrau Apfelbaum: i think the ants are driven by hunger. but humans always want more and more

[13:24] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): indeed and in the end we will probably wipe ourselves and the entire planet out if we dont change this

[13:24] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): Putin and hus nuclear weapons for ex

[13:24] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): his

[13:24] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): (shudders)

[13:24] herman Bergson: The issue here is more, that we have animal like instinctive behavior on the one hand and another brain function, ratio, that can regulate that behavior within the social relations

[13:25] Max Chatnoir: Is it possible to change it?

[13:25] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): but also Putin is a maniac, is maniac behavior present also in animals?

[13:25] herman Bergson: What would yo like to change Max?

[13:26] John Ajeje Brazov (sticaatsi): I suspect we are not complete. We are half beasts, half something different, hence the erratic behaviour and the self-destruction drive

[13:27] Max Chatnoir: Well, I understand that somebody who had cleared a lot of land and planted it, etc would want to benefit from it, but you can only do so much yourself.

[13:27] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): Indeed john, I guess that might be the case

[13:27] herman Bergson: yes, true, John...I agree

[13:27] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): sadly

[13:27] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): like we could have colonized space since long but we are to occupied with being greedy and blowing each other up

[13:27] John Ajeje Brazov (sticaatsi): the human condition is mostly suffering for that precise reason

[13:28] Max Chatnoir: So much destruction in both Ukraine and Gaza.

[13:29] John Ajeje Brazov (sticaatsi): war is the norm, peace the exception

[13:29] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): getting more and more depressed over it all + Trump ranting on with his insanity all time

[13:29] herman Bergson: It is the huge dichotomy between rationality and irrationality...

[13:29] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): 2025 is a really depressing year for the entire world I say

[13:29] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): and shows no signs of turning anytime soon

[13:30] John Ajeje Brazov (sticaatsi): human reason is like a fly trapped in a bottle

[13:30] herman Bergson: irrationality is often dominated by the basic instinctive drives of the organism, in casu homo sapiens....

[13:30] herman Bergson: YEs John...it is a tool in our toolbox but often not used :-)

[13:30] John Ajeje Brazov (sticaatsi): Istincts have a rational explaination

[13:31] John Ajeje Brazov (sticaatsi): instinct lead to the three main function of life, feed, defend and reproduce

[13:31] Max Chatnoir: But we are capable of more sociable behavior.  We do it a lot.

[13:31] herman Bergson: Sure , they are survival drives

[13:31] herman Bergson: But exlanition does not mean justification for homo sapiens

[13:32] John Ajeje Brazov (sticaatsi): all social behaviour lead to feed, defend and reproduce

[13:32] herman Bergson: the wall between instrincts and social behavior is ethics...which you do not find among animals

[13:33] John Ajeje Brazov (sticaatsi): ethics changes with time and place

[13:33] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): many of us need to work on their ethics for sure though

[13:33] John Ajeje Brazov (sticaatsi): but ethics also leads do feed, defend and reproduce

[13:33] herman Bergson: I disagree Jihn...social behavior leads to ethics, moral rukes, social consensus

[13:34] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): i read a thing recently from a professor that "humanity will probably wipe themselves out, the solution is simple however - dont be an asshole!"

[13:35] John Ajeje Brazov (sticaatsi): ethics forms a code of conduct for social behaviour too

[13:35] herman Bergson: ethics is more than defend and reproduce....it adds the discrimination between good and evil to the equation

[13:35] herman Bergson: Nice point Bejiita :-))

[13:35] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): its so true!

[13:36] John Ajeje Brazov (sticaatsi): is ethics in times of war the same as ethics in times of peace?

[13:36] herman Bergson: As such yes, but in the actual human behavior NO

[13:37] Max Chatnoir: Interesting question, John.  Should it be different?

[13:37] John Ajeje Brazov (sticaatsi): it is different

[13:37] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): ethics and war are 2 conflicting terms i say, ethics = no war

[13:37] herman Bergson: war nor peace change the meaning of what is good or evil

[13:37] Max Chatnoir: Isn't war a sort of ethical failure?

[13:37] John Ajeje Brazov (sticaatsi): mass killings are unethical in peace, they are honourable in war

[13:37] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): well u can be more or less ethic in war like in gaza where u murder every civilian relentlessly

[13:37] herman Bergson: Yes Maax...you are right....

[13:38] herman Bergson: Brings us back to the beginning of  our lecture...

[13:38] herman Bergson: and the previous one....

[13:38] John Ajeje Brazov (sticaatsi): you can break the rules of war ethics, sure

[13:38] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): yes

[13:38] herman Bergson: It is about the creation of value and the way to transfr it to the other....

[13:39] John Ajeje Brazov (sticaatsi): but the ethics of war is not the same as the ethics of peace

[13:39] herman Bergson: You can give it or he takes it by using violence

[13:39] John Ajeje Brazov (sticaatsi): I suspect wars are a a form of revenge of old generations on young ones

[13:39] John Ajeje Brazov (sticaatsi): in war the old send the young to kill one another

[13:39] herman Bergson: and there ethics fails...because we had the rule of not to use violence

[13:39] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): war, racism, greed ect are all examples of bad ethics i say

[13:39] John Ajeje Brazov (sticaatsi): they young die, the old earn and get medals

[13:40] herman Bergson: Interesting remark, John...and a bit chilling too....

[13:40] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): aaah

[13:40] John Ajeje Brazov (sticaatsi): the older generations know they are going to leave this world soon

[13:40] John Ajeje Brazov (sticaatsi): leave it to the young

[13:41] John Ajeje Brazov (sticaatsi): it's a way to take revenge

[13:41] herman Bergson: Revenge for what?

[13:41] John Ajeje Brazov (sticaatsi): also to protect themselves

[13:41] John Ajeje Brazov (sticaatsi): revenge for the approaching death

[13:41] herman Bergson: No...that is to far fetched, I'd say....

[13:41] John Ajeje Brazov (sticaatsi): for the discovery that there is no real objective for our life

[13:42] John Ajeje Brazov (sticaatsi): for grabbing all we have built

[13:42] John Ajeje Brazov (sticaatsi): the young will inherit, get all that the old ahve earned

[13:42] Max Chatnoir: Well, if we don't want our young to survive us, maybe we shouldn't produce them!

[13:42] John Ajeje Brazov (sticaatsi): and the old will leave this world naked as they entered it. It's unbearable

[13:42] herman Bergson: But that would be the same for the young ones too....they should take revenge on the elders and kill them for that ????

[13:43] John Ajeje Brazov (sticaatsi): I supect ninety per cent of our behaviour is due to our subconscious mind

[13:43] Max Chatnoir: Good question, herman.

[13:43] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): hmm

[13:43] John Ajeje Brazov (sticaatsi): the young don't need to kill the old, nature will provide

[13:44] herman Bergson: That is a while new chapter...to begin with...do we really have a subconscious mind...Who invented that idea :-)

[13:44] John Ajeje Brazov (sticaatsi): but before that they oust them

[13:44] herman Bergson: Too speculative, John...

[13:44] John Ajeje Brazov (sticaatsi): we own three separate brain structures

[13:45] John Ajeje Brazov (sticaatsi): and they are specialized

[13:46] herman Bergson: There are tons of lectures on the brain and the mind in the blog of the PHILOSOPY CLASS...

[13:46] herman Bergson: We've been there  :-)

[13:46] herman Bergson: reread them, if you like

[13:46] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): aaa a nice collection

[13:46] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): ㋡

[13:47] herman Bergson: Bu twe are off track  far enough to say thank you all again...was a good discussion...

[13:47] bergfrau Apfelbaum: https://thephilosophyclass.blogspot.com/

[13:47] Max Chatnoir: Hi, Charlin.

[13:47] herman Bergson: Class dismissed....

[13:47] .: Beertje :. (beertje.beaumont): Thank you Herman

[13:47] bergfrau Apfelbaum: thank you Herman and class!

[13:47] Max Chatnoir: Are we going to continue this on  Thursday?

[13:47] John Ajeje Brazov (sticaatsi): Thank you Herman

[13:48] herman Bergson: As far as I knw YES..what is on THursday, Max?

[13:48] herman Bergson: Some national holiday?

[13:48] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): ㋡