1121: Big Data.....

 In the previous lecture, I told you about the shift from a rationalist to an empiricist approach to artificial intelligence.

   

The rationalist approach was, that you store a lot of knowledge in an AI program, add some algorithms, and then let the AI program solve problems, this all, related to microworlds.

  

The empiricist approach lets the AI program learn by itself how this or that works so that it can solve problems in new situations. An example of such a self-learning AI program is AlphaGo Zero.

   

It played more than 29 million games against itself, which resulted in such an understanding of the game of Go, that it became unbeatable, 

  

in other words, this AI program developed knowledge of the game by learning from a massive amount of data.

  

In June 2008  Chris Anderson published an article in the magazine WIRED with the title:" The End of Theory: The Data Deluge Makes the Scientific Method Obsolete".

From the article: "This is a world where massive amounts of data and applied mathematics replace every other tool that might be brought to bear. 

   

Out with every theory of human behavior, from linguistics to sociology. Forget taxonomy, ontology, and psychology. Who knows why people do what they do? 

  

The point is they do it, and we can track and measure it with unprecedented fidelity. With enough data, the numbers speak for themselves." -end quote-

   

This is the new belief: big data against the old-fashioned scientific method to obtain new knowledge.

   

The scientific method is a default series of steps to come to new knowledge.

[1] Make an observation - [2] Ask a question -[3] Form a hypothesis or testable explanation. 

   

[4] Make a prediction based on the hypothesis - [5] Test the prediction - [6] Iterate: use the results to make new hypotheses or predictions.

   

Obsolete method. Now we use big data and this all is accessible in the Cloud. I must honestly confess that I hardly know what this Cloud is, except that it is created by huge data storage facilities.

    

And the new approach to getting new knowledge is by analyzing billions of data and looking for correlations.

   

I once heard a story about scientists who used to build a molecule in a certain way with a certain method. Then they had an AI program checking thousands of articles on the subject.

   

Eventually, the AI program suggested a method to create this specific molecule more easily and faster. 

   

It all sounds promising. Is big data the future? Maybe, we still have some questions.....

   

Thank you for your attention...

   

1120: Rationalism and Empiricism in AI...

 The battle between rationalism and empiricism has been ongoing in philosophy for centuries. Rationalism is the philosophical school of thought that assumes that only the use of human reason, ratio, can lead to sensible knowledge. Rationalism has no faith in the senses.

Empiricism is the view within the theory of knowledge according to which all knowledge ultimately comes from sensory experience, and conversely, that all scientific statements must be tested against experience.

By placing a strong emphasis on the development of the correct symbol system, early research into Artificial Intelligence fits well within the rationalist tradition.

  

The goal was not to allow an AI program to gain experience but to provide AI with the knowledge to successfully complete any experience.

   

In chess, the goal was to give AI a multitude of strategies to win the game, not to let AI play as many games of chess as possible in order to develop its own strategy.

    

With the emphasis on gaining experience, AI has developed over the past 30 years from rationalism to empiricism, which means, from knowledge that is given in advance to knowledge that is created through experience.

   

AI's victories in chess and Go are good examples of this. It was 1997 when Deep Blue, developed by IBM, won against Kasparov in chess.

  

In combination with special chess chips, which allow the program to look eight moves ahead, and search techniques to find the right move, victory over the mediocre-playing Kasparov is possible.

  

Due to the large amounts of pre-recorded knowledge put into it, Deep Blue is an exponent of rationalism.

   

Twenty years later, the company DeepMind, purchased by Google, came up with the program "AlphaGo". Go is a popular game in China, Japan, and South Korea

  

and is seen as a game that is more difficult for the computer than chess due to the many possible moves and game situations. Yet the program "AlphaGo" manages to beat the world champion.

   

The more successful version "AlphaGo Zero" goes one step further. The program is only given the rules of Go and is otherwise a "tabula rasa", a blank slate.

  

Expert knowledge is lacking, as are examples of matches played. "AlphaGo Zero" learns the game by playing against itself about 29 million times.

  

The program became an extremely successful player. So good, in fact, that Korean Go grandmaster Lee Sedol had to come to the conclusion in 2019 that "AlphaGo Zero" is unbeatable.

  

The empiricist approach to Artificial Intelligence turned the computer into an autonomous learning machine. And that raises some questions,

  

for example "Where does the computer gain its experiences?" or "How does the computer process and interpret its experiences?" or "Who is training the computer?". In other words, a completely new and barely explored area for Artificial Intelligence lies ahead of us.

   

Thank you for your attention again...

  

1118: Thwee beginnings of Artificial Intelligence ...

 With ELIZA we probably got the first example of a computer behaving like a human being, showing intelligence. It was 1966.

It is the real start of Artificial Intelligence. The basic structure of the AI philosophy in those days was: you have objects with properties and you have a set of rules and you combine it all in a computer program.

  

You have chess pieces and their properties. You have the rules of the game. You have specific strategy rules. Put it together and you have a chess-playing computer.

   

This approach was closely related to the development of predicate logic. It got the name Symbolic Artificial Intelligence.

  

In artificial intelligence, symbolic artificial intelligence is the term for the collection of all methods in artificial intelligence research that are based on high-level symbolic representations of problems, logic, and search.

  

Symbolic AI was the dominant paradigm of AI research from the mid-1950s until the mid-1990s. Researchers in the 1960s and the 1970s were convinced 

     

that symbolic approaches would eventually succeed in creating a machine with artificial general intelligence and considered this the ultimate goal of their field.

   

There were high expectations of AI in those days, but it didn't fulfill the expectations, which led to a kind of AI winter.

  

A second boom (1969–1986) occurred with the rise of expert systems, their promise of capturing corporate expertise, and an enthusiastic corporate embrace.

   

I remember that period well. I spent hours on learning PROLOG, THE programming language of expert systems. I was involved in a project that had as its goal to develop a kind of database and expert system for design purposes.

  

But again, high expectations that could not be realized. Another, second, AI Winter (1988–2011) followed. I was there, you know.

    

The philosophical quintessence here is, how AI scientists thought about how the human brain works. They thought it was a system of symbols and algorithms to manipulate the symbols.

  

So, the goal became to develop a system of symbols to represent how we think. This was closely related to the idea that it is just a matter of the right software. The hardware could be our brain or a computer.

   

And here we are back in the 17th century with Leibniz. He also hoped to capture all human knowledge in symbols and the rules that come with this then could help us to find new answers.

   

The big question here is: is intelligence really just a system of symbols, rules, and the right algorithms to manage the symbols?

   

This question opens a new debate in the Artificial Intelligence world: the debate about strong versus weak Artificial Intelligence.

   

Strong AI, like a smart character from a sci-fi movie, like HALL for instance, could think, learn, and perform tasks just like humans. 

    

On the other hand, Weak AI, the kind we encounter daily, focuses on doing one job well, such as playing chess or Go, giving us directions, or even helping us pick the perfect playlist. 

   

The current situation is that we find weak AI in many areas, where they show sometimes really biased behavior. Strong AI is still a theoretical issue: it really takes a lot to get a real mind in the machine. It is not yet done except in SF movies.

    

Thank you for your attention again....

1117: The beginning of Artificial Intelligence....

Already since the 17th century homo sapiens was thinking about mechanizing thinking. Hobbes regarded thinking as a kind of calculating.    

   

Leibniz dreamt of the possibility of capturing all human knowledge in symbols, adding rules to it and thus you could calculate new knowledge.

   

Of course, these philosophers hadn't the slightest idea how to mechanize these thinking procedures, but yet they had a philosophy about what thinking is. What was clear was the fact that thinking implies logic. 

   

The 17th/18th-century mathematician Gottfried Leibniz has been credited with being the founder of symbolic logic for his work with the calculus ratiocinator. 

    

Although his work was the first of its kind, it was unknown to the larger logical community. Consequently, many of the advances achieved by Leibniz were recreated by logicians like George Boole (1815 - 1864) and Augustus De Morgan (1806 - 1871), completely independent of Leibniz.

    

Just as propositional logic can be considered an advancement from the earlier syllogistic logic, Gottlob Frege's predicate logic can be also considered an advancement from the earlier propositional logic. 

  

The advance was that predicate logic allows quantification. The statement "All swans are white" is represented in proposition logic simply by a single variable, for instance, "p".

   

The predicate logic would represent the statement like this: AxWx, which you can read as " For all x applies the property W". This kind of symbolizing statements in logic was a step closer again to the mechanization of thinking.

   

The German mathematician David Hilbert (1872 - 1943), who I mentioned in the previous lecture, occupied himself with the "Entscheidungsproblem".

   

In mathematics and computer science, the "Entscheidungsproblem" (German for 'decision problem') is a challenge posed by David Hilbert and Wilhelm Ackermann in 1928. 

   

The problem asks for an algorithm that considers, as input, a statement, and answers "yes" or "no" according to whether the statement is universally valid, that is, valid in every structure.

    

In this description, you already hear the ones and zeros of the microchips, the sound of creating algorithms that universally lead to a 1 or a 0, if your input is a series of statements,

   

Alan Turing was one of the first to come up with ideas that looked like real computing in 1936. He designed in theory some kind of machine that could do calculations, later called the Turing machine.

   

A Turing machine is an idealized model of a central processing unit, CPU, that controls all data manipulation done by a computer, with the canonical machine using sequential memory to store data.

In 1950 Turing described the Turing test, what he called "the Imitation Game". And here you see the first signs of the question: can a machine outsmart a human?

   

The test was that you ask questions and C(omputer) or H(uman) will answer the question, no voice text only. At the end, you have to tell who is the computer C or H.

   

The test was introduced by Turing in his 1950 paper "Computing Machinery and Intelligence" while working at the University of Manchester. It opens with the words: "I propose to consider the question, 'Can machines think?'" 

  

Thinking is hard to define, so he changed his question to: "Are there imaginable digital computers that would do well in the imitation game?"

   

Me and my students loved ELIZA, the first chatbot ever. She was introduced by Joseph Weizenbaum in 1966. ELIZA imitates a psychotherapist who tries to keep her patient talking as much as possible.

   

ELIZA was one of the first chatbots and one of the first programs capable of attempting the Turing test and now we have ChatGPT and BARD and others. Let's discuss that next time. 

  

Thank you for your attention again....

\

Main Sources:

MacMillan The Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2nd edition

Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 1995

http://www.iep.utm.edu/

 http://plato.stanford.edu/contents.htm

Guido van der Knaap: Van Arititles to Algoritme (2023(

TABLE OF CONTENT -----------------------------------------------------------------  

  1 - 100 Philosophers                                              9 May 2009  Start of

  2 - 25+ Women Philosophers                              10 May 2009  this blog

  3 - 25 Adventures in Thinking                               10 May 2009

  4 - Modern Theories of Ethics                              29 Oct  2009

  5 - The Ideal State                                               24 Febr 2010   /   234

  6 - The Mystery of the Brain                                  3 Sept 2010   /   266

  7 - The Utopia of the Free Market                       16 Febr 2012    /   383

  8. - The Aftermath of Neo-liberalism                      5 Sept 2012   /   413

  9. - The Art Not to Be an Egoist                             6 Nov  2012   /   426                        

10  - Non-Western Philosophy                               29 May 2013    /   477

11  -  Why Science is Right                                      2 Sept 2014   /   534      

12  - A Philosopher looks at Atheism                        1 Jan  2015   /   557

13  - EVIL, a philosophical investigation                 17 Apr  2015   /   580                

14  - Existentialism and Free Will                             2 Sept 2015   /   586         

15 - Spinoza                                                             2 Sept 2016   /   615

16 - The Meaning of Life                                        13 Febr 2017   /   637

17 - In Search of  my Self                                        6 Sept 2017   /   670

18 - The 20th Century Revisited                              3 Apr  2018    /   706

19 - The Pessimist                                                  11 Jan 2020    /   819

20 - The Optimist                                                     9 Febr 2020   /   824

21 - Awakening from a Neoliberal Dream                8 Oct  2020   /   872

22 - A World Full of Patterns                                    1 Apr 2021    /   912

23 - The Concept of Freedom                                  8 Jan 2022    /   965

24 - Materialism                                                      7 Sept 2022   /  1011

25 - Historical Materialism                                       5 Oct 2023    /  1088

26 - The Bonobo and the Atheist                             9 Jan 2024    /  1102

27 - Artificial Intelligence                                          9 Feb 2024    /  1108 

The Discussion

[13:14] Gemma (gemma.cleanslate): wow 1966  a chatbot!!

[13:14] herman Bergson: By the way

[13:14] herman Bergson: an anecdote...

[13:14] Max Chatnoir: Wow, that is early!

[13:14] herman Bergson: The secretary of Weizenbaum started a conversation with ELIZA....

[13:15] Gemma (gemma.cleanslate): i just read it when i came in

[13:15] herman Bergson: Then...after two or three lines she asked Weizenbaum to leave the room.....

[13:15] Gemma (gemma.cleanslate) GIGGLES!!

[13:15] Gemma (gemma.cleanslate): ...LOL...

[13:15] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): not sure i have heard about that one

[13:15] herman Bergson: I myself had long converstations with ELIZA :-)

[13:16] herman Bergson: Fun thing is...

[13:16] herman Bergson: when you say...Eliza you have beautiful eyes, she always replied...let's not talk about me, but aubout you :-)

[13:16] Gemma (gemma.cleanslate): ha

[13:16] Max Chatnoir: The programmers thought of that one!

[13:16] herman Bergson: She uses a Rogerian kind of psychology...

[13:17] herman Bergson: Yes Max :-)

[13:17] Gemma (gemma.cleanslate): did you see that BArd has changed to genesis?

[13:17] Gemma (gemma.cleanslate): and i think is going to cost a lot !

[13:17] Max Chatnoir: Like ChatGPT apologizing when you challenge it.

[13:17] .: Beertje :. (beertje.beaumont): lol Gemma

[13:17] Gemma (gemma.cleanslate): to use

[13:17] herman Bergson: There is a chatbot....if I am not mistaken its name is ELBOT

[13:18] Max Chatnoir: On the market?

[13:18] Max Chatnoir: I mean the SL market?

[13:18] herman Bergson: YEs..Genesis....

[13:18] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): It  makes me think of another thing, also again backrooms related and is a melody i often hear in relation to that theme and i wonder why i recognize it so much. It turns out the song is Daisy Bell, the first ever song that a computer have "sung"

[13:18] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): thats why i recognized it

[13:19] Max Chatnoir: Is that what HAL sung in the Sci fi movie?

[13:19] Gemma (gemma.cleanslate): ha

[13:19] Gemma (gemma.cleanslate): I did not like Hal

[13:19] herman Bergson: Google on Elbot and you'll find the smart chatbot

[13:19] Gemma (gemma.cleanslate): ok

[13:19] Max Chatnoir: He was not helpful!

[13:19] Max Chatnoir: Hal.

[13:20] Gemma (gemma.cleanslate): i cant remember most of the movie and wont watch it again

[13:20] herman Bergson: Same here :-))

[13:20] herman Bergson: I only remember that red lens

[13:20] Max Chatnoir: I went on a tour last week to the new SL welcome sim, and there was a tour guide.  I wasn't sure if she was human or not.  I just conversed with her briefly.

[13:20] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): https://www.youtube.com/shorts/tVZE0ctRZGQ

[13:20] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): aaa here it is

[13:21] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): this is the song playing in background

[13:21] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): and i just thought "I have heard that one before!"

[13:21] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): like very familiar

[13:21] Gemma (gemma.cleanslate): they are human Max

[13:21] Gemma (gemma.cleanslate): volunteers

[13:21] herman Bergson: Are you ok, Gemma? :-)

[13:21] Gemma (gemma.cleanslate) GIGGLES!!

[13:21] Gemma (gemma.cleanslate): ...LOL...

[13:21] Gemma (gemma.cleanslate): yes

[13:21] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): and yes this is indeed because i have seen the space oddsey and HAL is singing that as he "dies"

[13:22] Max Chatnoir: Good to know!

[13:22] Gemma (gemma.cleanslate): will look for the new chatbot freebie

[13:22] Max Chatnoir: @human volunteers, not at HAL

[13:22] Gemma (gemma.cleanslate): noo

[13:22] Gemma (gemma.cleanslate) GIGGLES!!

[13:22] Gemma (gemma.cleanslate): ...LOL...

[13:22] Gemma (gemma.cleanslate): volunteers at the welcome area

[13:22] herman Bergson: Historically we still are in a safe place regarding AI.....but coming lectures.....who knows :-)

[13:23] Gemma (gemma.cleanslate): are trained like the early mentors

[13:23] Max Chatnoir: ;-)

[13:23] Gemma (gemma.cleanslate): if i had time would do it

[13:23] Gemma (gemma.cleanslate): sogh tooooooo busy

[13:23] Max Chatnoir: I'm not sure I know enough about SL to be a tour guide.

[13:23] herman Bergson: Where is that new area?

[13:23] Gemma (gemma.cleanslate): i will find the landmakr

[13:23] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): indeed who knows how it will turn out

[13:24] Max Chatnoir: Thanks, Gemma.

[13:24] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): well soon find out I guess

[13:24] Second Life: Gemma Cleanslate gave you Welcome Hub Shopping Street.

[13:24] Second Life: Gemma Cleanslate gave you Welcome Hub Social Plaza.

[13:24] Gemma (gemma.cleanslate): they are all connected

[13:24] herman Bergson: Interresting :-)

[13:25] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): aaa

[13:25] Gemma (gemma.cleanslate): they are more guides to help new residents

[13:25] Gemma (gemma.cleanslate): not tour sl reallt

[13:25] Gemma (gemma.cleanslate): but if you would like to do that i know a nice tour

[13:25] herman Bergson: Well we  are now close to the question, what is intelligence actually....and do computers simulate real human intelligence?

[13:26] Gemma (gemma.cleanslate): on Mondays at 11:30 am slt

[13:27] Gemma (gemma.cleanslate): i think they do to a point depending on the input

[13:27] Max Chatnoir: Are humans uniform enough for mechanical copying?

[13:27] Gemma (gemma.cleanslate): lacking feeling tho

[13:27] Gemma (gemma.cleanslate): emotions

[13:28] herman Bergson: Yes...the debate will be about microworlds and general intelligence.

[13:28] herman Bergson: That is the point, Max...

[13:28] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): indeed can a binary machine feel?

[13:29] herman Bergson: AI is good within microworlds...like within the rules of Chess or Go...

[13:29] herman Bergson: or face recognition...

[13:29] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): ah yes

[13:29] Max Chatnoir: Just think about the US Democrats and Republicans.  Both ABSOLUTELY sure their view of the world is correct.  How did that happen?

[13:29] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): GUUUH! indeed

[13:29] Gemma (gemma.cleanslate): ouch

[13:29] herman Bergson: GOOD QUESTION....Max

[13:30] Max Chatnoir: Are their brains really identical?

[13:30] Gemma (gemma.cleanslate): no there is definit proof of difference in brain structure Max

[13:30] Max Chatnoir: And if they are, how can they come to different world views?

[13:30] Max Chatnoir: And if they aren't which one should be the model?

[13:30] herman Bergson: And the fact that if you are a republican you are willing to vote for an immoral, law disrespecting rappisst as your president

[13:30] Gemma (gemma.cleanslate): sigh i know

[13:30] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): I saw a clear sign of this when i read the news and saw one of Trumps "evangelical" meeting for all richies/bilionaires and I was shocked

[13:31] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): like We are doomed doomed of T wins"

[13:31] Gemma (gemma.cleanslate): not only republicans but many who call themselves independent

[13:31] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): if

[13:31] Max Chatnoir: I totally agree with that, Herman.

[13:31] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): !

[13:31] herman Bergson: I have some explantion for you, Max....

[13:31] Max Chatnoir: But is that because I have a defective brain?  LOL

[13:31] herman Bergson: It is based on American psychology....

[13:32] herman Bergson: no...Americans think in terms of winners and losers

[13:32] herman Bergson: that is their basic view of the world

[13:32] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): 1 and 0, nothing between

[13:32] .: Beertje :. (beertje.beaumont): why then let the biggest looser win?

[13:32] herman Bergson: That is simple Beertje....

[13:33] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): because he is like a god to the richies from what i saw in that article

[13:33] herman Bergson: I already once said...how to make a looser a winner.....call him the victim...

[13:33] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): as said i was SHOCKED like NONONONO!

[13:33] Gemma (gemma.cleanslate): and also working cclass which i cannot understand

[13:33] Max Chatnoir: Interesting, Herman.

[13:33] Gemma (gemma.cleanslate): actually uneducated whites mostly

[13:33] herman Bergson: So...what is the Rep party and T....big loosers....

[13:33] Gemma (gemma.cleanslate): but a lot of intelligent people

[13:34] Gemma (gemma.cleanslate): sigh

[13:34] herman Bergson: But you can not drop T as your candidate, because you then declare yourself as a loser....

[13:34] herman Bergson: doesn't fit American psycho

[13:34] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): uneducated indeed thats the secret, they are sooo blown in their heads that thei believe all crap Mr T spews to that extent that they treat him like a god

[13:34] Max Chatnoir: Hmmmm.  Don't want to admit you were wrong?

[13:34] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): GUUUUH! i just say

[13:35] Max Chatnoir: There is a nice piece of Harry Potter fan fiction called Harry Potter and the Methods of Rationality.  do any of you know it?

[13:35] herman Bergson: So call yourself a victim of all kind of witchunts, and in the US you are a winner

[13:35] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): aaa yes also their money play a role

[13:35] Gemma (gemma.cleanslate): have not read it yet

[13:36] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): with T they wont need to share with others

[13:36] .: Beertje :. (beertje.beaumont): i have not read it Max

[13:36] herman Bergson: What is that Max

[13:36] Max Chatnoir: Anyway, in it Harry is telling Draco about science and says that the important thing about science is that you have to be willing to admit you are wrong.

[13:36] Max Chatnoir: I'll find a link.  The whole thing is on line.

[13:36] herman Bergson: That is not so difficult

[13:36] Gemma (gemma.cleanslate): that is true and i have heard scientists say that

[13:36] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): ok, need to check that,

[13:37] .: Beertje :. (beertje.beaumont): for some it is Herman

[13:37] herman Bergson: oh  yes...big EGOs

[13:37] .: Beertje :. (beertje.beaumont): yes

[13:37] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): YES!

[13:38] Max Chatnoir: https://hpmor.com/

[13:38] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): issue is all other candidates have also been eliminated, its just between Biden and T

[13:38] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): and Biden is soon 90

[13:38] herman Bergson: What is happening in the US I follow every day flabbergasted and amazed

[13:38] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): even he is still sharp

[13:38] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): somewhat

[13:38] Gemma (gemma.cleanslate): it is

[13:38] .: Beertje :. (beertje.beaumont): lol 122 chapters

[13:39] Max Chatnoir: Yes, it's HUGE!

[13:39] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): wow

[13:39] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): thats big indee

[13:39] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): d

[13:39] Gemma (gemma.cleanslate): especially every one mentions biden age and hardly anyone TRUMP age

[13:39] Max Chatnoir: Yes, that's interesting, especially given his public gaffes.

[13:39] .: Beertje :. (beertje.beaumont): trump has dimentia

[13:39] Gemma (gemma.cleanslate): if he stopped the hair dye and orange skin would look as old as biden

[13:40] Gemma (gemma.cleanslate) GIGGLES!!

[13:40] Gemma (gemma.cleanslate): ...LOL...

[13:40] Gemma (gemma.cleanslate): he says he is kidding

[13:40] herman Bergson: they dont even mention the fact that Biden is a decent person and decent president

[13:40] Gemma (gemma.cleanslate): amazing stuff they cant see what he has done

[13:40] Gemma (gemma.cleanslate): tho i dont agree wiht some

[13:40] Max Chatnoir: And I think Kamala Harris could take over fine if necessary.

[13:40] Gemma (gemma.cleanslate): like the issue of Gaza now

[13:40] Gemma (gemma.cleanslate): i agree max

[13:41] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): indeed I mostly agree with all Biden say

[13:41] herman Bergson: I'd love to see here take over...(sorry Joe:-)

[13:41] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): hmm Gaza is a big issue for sure now :(

[13:41] herman Bergson: Finallly a woman at the top

[13:41] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): aaaaa

[13:42] herman Bergson: ok...that is it for today :-)

[13:42] Gemma (gemma.cleanslate): ♥ Thank Youuuuuuuuuu!! ♥

[13:43] Max Chatnoir: Yes, we are straying a bit.  :-)

[13:43] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): nice again Herman!

[13:43] Guestboook van tipjar stand: Gemma Cleanslate donated L$100. Thank you very much, it is much appreciated!

[13:43] herman Bergson: We need intelligence..not artificial intelligence to deal with all this :-)

[13:43] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): well its as it should be

[13:43] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): right?

[13:43] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): ㋡

[13:43] herman Bergson: Thank you all again....

[13:43] Max Chatnoir: Yes!

[13:43] .: Beertje :. (beertje.beaumont): Thank yuo Herman

[13:43] Gemma (gemma.cleanslate): ok

[13:43] herman Bergson: Class dismissed...

[13:43] Max Chatnoir: Thanks, Herman.

[13:43] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): yes

[13:43] Gemma (gemma.cleanslate): see you tomorrow perhaps

[13:43] Gemma (gemma.cleanslate): bye all

[13:44] herman Bergson: Bye

[13:44] .: Beertje :. (beertje.beaumont): bye Gemma

[13:44] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): hugs Gemma

[13:44] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): cu