What makes the 20th century differ from previous centuries is in the fist place,
that until well over a hundred years ago, science consisted of highly disparate disciplines and did not deal with elementary issues.
Fundamental research developed since 1900 in many fields of science
and more important there grew cohesion and unity in the scientific narrative about nature.
As we shall see, this narrative tells both about the evolution of the universe and the earth itself with its continents and oceans,
about the evolution of life and about the distribution of the human species over the planet, about the different races with their various civilizations.
The starting point and at the same time the framework of this story is the evolution process.
Still in 1996, the American philosopher Daniel Dennett called Darwin's theory of evolution "the best idea ever".
It was not until 1900, that the Dutch botanist Hugo de Vries (1848 - 1935) developed ideas about heredity and introduced the concept of pangenes, which later was shortened to the term "genes"
He and some other scientists both repeated and rediscovered the experiments and results of the Augustinian monk Gregor Mendel with the cultivation of peas
and how Darwin's idea could work on the individual's level. This opened up a huge new field for scientific research.
An interesting historical detail is that Mendel presented his paper, "Versuche über Pflanzenhybriden" ("Experiments on Plant Hybridization"),
at two meetings of the Natural History Society of Brno in Moravia on 8 February and 8 March 1865.
It generated a few favorable reports in local newspapers, but was ignored by the scientific community.
When published again in 1866 it again had little impact, and was only cited about three times over the next thirty-five years.
Notably, Charles Darwin was unaware of Mendel's paper, and it is envisaged that if he had, genetics as we know it now might have taken hold much earlier.
Evolution, genetics, DNA, it is all common knowledge to us and we experience it as pretty obvious.
Yet it had a tremendous impact on our view of WHAT we are as well on the WAY we think about and see ourselves.
Maybe in contrast with the previous centuries, there is one science which had the greatest impact: psychology.
For us it is obvious to see ourselves as individuals with an individual character and personality, individual needs and rights.
But this remarkable change of perspective was initiated by Sigmund Freud (1856 - 1939) and his psycho-analysis. Man began to look inward individually.
How should we look at the 20th century? Primarily as a period of big and fast changes.
Certainly some historical changes are created by individual people. Take Stalin or Hitler for instance.
But at least as important are financial and economical causes and globalisation.
However, probably science and technology have had the greatest impact on our live in the 20th century with its computer, smartphone, birth control, internet, medicines, airplanes and so on...
Thank you for your attention again... ^_^
Main Sources:
MacMillan The Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2nd edition
Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 1995
http://plato.stanford.edu/contents.htm
Peter Watson: A Terrible Beauty (2000)
Peter Watson: A Terrible Beauty (2000)
The Discussion
[13:16] Ciska Riverstone: thank you herman
[13:16] herman Bergson: So science and technology may be the biggest game changers
[13:16] CB Axel nods
[13:17] CB Axel: Changes in our ability to communicate over long distances instantly would get my vote as the biggest game changer.
[13:17] Ciska Riverstone: Metacommunication for the masses would be mine ;)
[13:17] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): well thats an important thin indeed
[13:17] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): like we do now
[13:17] herman Bergson: Neurobiology, I'd say
[13:17] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): telephone, internet
[13:17] Marianne Thurston (magdalena1.kira) is online.
[13:18] herman Bergson: internet in relation to privacy and ethics
[13:19] .: Beertje :. (beertje.beaumont): science is still young, they will doscover a whole lot more, things we even can';t imagine now
[13:19] herman Bergson: We claim to deal with facts and nowadays we have to deal with fake news too
[13:19] herman Bergson: True Beertje
[13:20] .: Beertje :. (beertje.beaumont): i hope i live long enought to see it:)
[13:20] herman Bergson: Welll....you already have seen a lot Beertje....
[13:20] herman Bergson: radio, TV, computer, space travel...name it
[13:20] .: Beertje :. (beertje.beaumont): not enough, i always want more:)
[13:20] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): ㋡
[13:20] herman Bergson: ok :-)
[13:21] .: Beertje :. (beertje.beaumont): men recently discoverd a new organ in human beings, we even don't know everything of our own bodies
[13:21] CB Axel: I was watching an old TV show from the '60's last night and couldn't help noticing that part of the problem the characters were having wouldn't happen now because now we have cell phones and Skype, etc.
[13:21] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): yes i read that as well
[13:21] herman Bergson: To understand our poistion of today is by studying on whose shoulders we stand.....that is....the 20th century
[13:22] CB Axel: It's fun to watch those old shows and compare life then to life today.
[13:22] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): ah
[13:22] .: Beertje :. (beertje.beaumont): yes CB
[13:22] herman Bergson: yes.....telephones with wires :-)
[13:23] CB Axel: Beertje, I've heard about that, too. It has the potential to change medical care completely!
[13:23] .: Beertje :. (beertje.beaumont): yes true CB
[13:23] herman Bergson: A lot more people are killed in traffic these days, for instance, due to the cellphones
[13:23] .: Beertje :. (beertje.beaumont): no, due not paying attention on the road
[13:24] CB Axel: Yes, but when someone gets hit by a distracted driver they can call for an ambulance a lot quicker now. °͜°
[13:24] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): chasing pokemins and not looking up from the screen
[13:24] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): SPLAT!
[13:24] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): i have seen lot of people walking into all sort of stuff while they do things like this
[13:24] herman Bergson: Good plan CB :-)
[13:25] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): just looks at the screen and not anything around them, like they think they have a radar
[13:25] herman Bergson: Yes really weird behavior Bejiita ^_^
[13:25] herman Bergson: But you see it everywhere these days
[13:26] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): hmm sure i can get focused on this pokemon game but i also realize i still have to look around now and then to see where i am
[13:26] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): kind of logical
[13:26] herman Bergson: But it shapes our world today
[13:26] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): and obvious
[13:26] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): used the right way its really useful indeed
[13:27] herman Bergson: You still chase pokemions Bejiita?
[13:27] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): yes
[13:27] herman Bergson: My impression is that this hype is over in the Netherlands
[13:27] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): and tomrrow its TURF beer, another gps game i play, every mnth we meet and eat and have a beer at different places while discussing the last months play
[13:28] CB Axel: I thought about getting into Pokeman, but never did.
[13:28] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): www.turfgame.com
[13:28] CB Axel: It sounds kind of fun.
[13:28] .: Beertje :. (beertje.beaumont): beer in Sweden?
[13:28] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): Ghostbusters get a version of Pokemon now
[13:28] herman Bergson: I tried the app once
[13:28] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): same concept
[13:28] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): ghostbusters world i think it is called
[13:29] CB Axel: I may have to look for that.
[13:29] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O0EkNfPbu4c
[13:29] .: Beertje :. (beertje.beaumont): virtual reality will be a great part of our lives i presume
[13:29] herman Bergson: Guess we are changing into a group of gamers now :-)
[13:30] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): Ghostbusters World, is an all-new state-of-the-art augmented reality game currently in development. The game features the latest in AR and other mobile technologies and differentiates itself with skill-based gameplay and numerous other exciting features yet to be announced. Gameplay will enable players to battle and capture hundreds of ghosts from all dimensions of the franchise, including the films, TV shows, comic books, theme parks, and video games. The game will also feature new and unique ghosts to the franchise. The Ghostbusters World Game is currently in development as part of a collaboration between Sony Pictures Entertainment Consumer Products, Ghost Corps and publisher FourThirtyThree Inc.(4:33).
[13:30] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): well its also technologu
[13:30] herman Bergson: Here you see how technology affects us so much :-)
[13:30] CB Axel: There's your next topic: The Philosopy of Gaming. °͜°
[13:30] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): AR is indeed hot nowadays
[13:30] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): the latest thing
[13:30] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): and contunues to evolve
[13:31] .: Beertje :. (beertje.beaumont): will there anybody who will enjoy silence in the future?
[13:31] CB Axel: I can't tolerate complete silence for long now. :(
[13:32] Ewa Aska is online.
[13:32] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): well same here, right now i have my speakers blasting me with some mighty music from the stream here
[13:32] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): gets me in mood for this
[13:32] .: Beertje :. (beertje.beaumont): i love silence
[13:32] .: Beertje :. (beertje.beaumont): complete silence
[13:32] herman Bergson: YEs...me too :-)
[13:32] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): complete silence i really onlywant while asleep
[13:33] CB Axel: I don't even sleep to silence. I listen to audiobooks.
[13:33] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): ok
[13:33] CB Axel: It's like being read a bedtime story. °͜°
[13:33] herman Bergson: Well....if these were the final remarks and questions we now can enjoy silence again ^_^
[13:33] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): ah, yes i have tried some before also
[13:34] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): dont remember the name of ot though,
[13:34] .: Beertje :. (beertje.beaumont): sometimes i wish they hadn't invented the radio
[13:34] herman Bergson: I listen to audiobooks every day :-)
[13:34] .: Beertje :. (beertje.beaumont): must be a very nice century in 1800:)
[13:34] CB Axel: Well, I still think the speed of global communication is the most important change in the last century. °͜°
[13:34] herman Bergson: I sometimes think of the times Bach lived.....
[13:35] .: Beertje :. (beertje.beaumont): yes
[13:35] .: Beertje :. (beertje.beaumont): kamermuziek...
[13:35] .: Beertje :. (beertje.beaumont): :)
[13:35] herman Bergson: Must have been a silent time...except in church or at a palace
[13:35] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): indeed, like how we can sit here and communicate like we are in the same room
[13:35] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): even we are all over the world
[13:35] .: Beertje :. (beertje.beaumont): not every invention is a nice invention
[13:35] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): and we take it for granted
[13:36] herman Bergson: It must have been magical to hear the huge organ in a cathedral play
[13:36] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): well indeed
[13:36] CB Axel: Nature isn't silent. Even outside of a church or palace there is sound.
[13:37] herman Bergson: Yes of course, but not the organized sound called music :-)
[13:37] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): not eve sure my rig can really reproduce the full of it, well logically it cant even it have both lot of bass and good highs
[13:37] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): but everything from classical to psy trance sound good on these
[13:37] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): just have to think a bot on the neighbours
[13:37] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): lol
[13:37] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): bit
[13:37] .: Beertje :. (beertje.beaumont): are you afraid of silence Bijiita?
[13:37] .: Beertje :. (beertje.beaumont): some folks are
[13:38] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): not afraid, i get tired in a while though
[13:38] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): plus if im working on some project i often select something getting me in the mood, for ex steampunk style music for when working with a such game ect
[13:38] CB Axel: Every Sunday I meet in SL with friends to listen to the radio programme The Naked Scientists. Last week they were focusing on the sense of hearing. Fascinating show.
[13:38] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): and classical for events like these
[13:38] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): it gets you more immersed in the setting
[13:39] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): plus all these cool hip hop tunes i use to rl dance to
[13:39] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): ㋡
[13:39] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): depends on wht im doing basically
[13:39] herman Bergson: Has our hearing changed due to all the technological changes orund us?
[13:39] .: Beertje :. (beertje.beaumont): i think so
[13:40] CB Axel: Yes. It's a much noisier world and can damage our hearing.
[13:40] CB Axel: But we're learning new ways to restore it.
[13:40] herman Bergson: HAve we psychologically changed due to easy acccess to music?
[13:40] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): well at least from using loud machines like chain saws and angle grinders without hearing protection
[13:40] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): that will quiclky change it to the worse
[13:40] CB Axel: Yes, Bejiita. And headsets like the one I'm wearing now.
[13:40] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): but from ordinary music at moderate volume
[13:40] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): not sure
[13:40] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): if you mean how good our hearing is
[13:41] .: Beertje :. (beertje.beaumont): some have ..mysofonie?...is that the word
[13:41] .: Beertje :. (beertje.beaumont): they get sick from loud noise
[13:42] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): to loud noise is unpleasant, plus since i know i have good hearing and is a bit of an audiphile i dont want to damage it
[13:42] CB Axel: misophonia?
[13:42] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): not heard that term however
[13:42] .: Beertje :. (beertje.beaumont): that is the development of the science too
[13:43] CB Axel: Misophonia
Synonyms Select sound sensitivity syndrome, sound-rage[1][2]
Person-woman-music-pink.jpg
People who are sensitive to certain sounds sometimes cope by blocking them out.
Misophonia, literally "hatred of sound", was proposed in 2000 as a condition in which negative emotions, thoughts, and physical reactions are triggered by specific sounds.
[13:43] herman Bergson: Guess me may turn of our sound now too till the next lecture :-)
[13:43] .: Beertje :. (beertje.beaumont): the inventions are not allpleasnat
[13:43] .: Beertje :. (beertje.beaumont): pleasant
[13:43] herman Bergson: Unless you still have a vitala question.....
[13:43] Guestboook van tipjar stand: CB Axel donated L$100. Thank you very much, it is much appreciated!
[13:44] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): like my mom cringes when im scratching cutlery into a plate
[13:44] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): lol
[13:44] herman Bergson: Let me thank you again for your particiaption today....
[13:44] .: Beertje :. (beertje.beaumont): thank you Herman
[13:44] .: Beertje :. (beertje.beaumont): :)))
[13:44] herman Bergson: Class dismissed...:-))
[13:44] CB Axel: I get nauseated at the sound of Trump's voice or even the mention of his name.
[13:44] Ciska Riverstone: thank you herman
[13:44] CB Axel: OK. Thank you, Herman.
[13:44] CB Axel: See you all on Thursday.
[13:44] bergfrau Apfelbaum: thank you Herman and Class:-)
[13:44] Ciska Riverstone: thanx everyone ㋡
[13:44] herman Bergson: There again you see the impact of technology....
[13:45] herman Bergson: that man is on TV and youtube!
[13:45] CB Axel: °͜°
[13:45] CB Axel: So long, everyone.
[13:45] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): cu
[13:45] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): next time
[13:45] .: Beertje :. (beertje.beaumont): have a quit night:)
[13:46] .: Beertje :. (beertje.beaumont): quiet?
[13:46] .: Beertje :. (beertje.beaumont): lol
[13:46] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): im gonna see if i find some event, program a little more then sleep
[13:46] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): and find some good music to go with that
[13:46] herman Bergson: Enjoy BEjiita :-)
[13:46] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): ok cu arund
[13:46] Particle Physicist Bejiita (bejiita.imako): ㋡
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